地鐵車站排熱系統排風組分及排熱效果的數值模擬研究
Numerical simulation on exhaust components and heat removal effect of heat exhaust systems in underground railway stations
摘要：
以某標準地鐵車站為研究對象，采用CFD軟件對列車停站期間的軌底和軌頂排熱溫度進行了模擬計算，研究發現：從軌排風組分看，軌頂排風中來自冷凝器排風、隧道空氣及站內空氣的比例分別為66%、11%和23%，軌底排風中來自冷凝器排風、隧道空氣及站內空氣的比例分別為3%、42%和55%，軌底排風來自站內空氣的比例超過50%，會造成站內冷量的浪費，甚至會出現軌底排風溫度低于隧道空氣溫度的情況；從排熱效果看，列車頂部空調冷凝器的散熱量被軌頂和軌底分別排走22%和1%，列車底部電阻箱和閘瓦的散熱量被軌頂和軌底分別排走5%和29%，排熱系統的排熱效果較差。根據模擬結果、理論散熱量及實測溫度等參數，計算得到軌頂和軌底平均排風溫度，并與實測數據進行了對比，計算值與實測值基本一致，驗證了模擬計算的準確性。
Abstract：
Taking a standard underground railway station as the research object, this paper uses CFD software to simulate and calculate the heat exhaust temperatures at the bottom and top of the rail during the period of train stop. It is found that from the perspective of exhaust components, the proportion of the air exhaust at the rail top (OTE) from condensers, tunnel and station is 66%, 11% and 23%, respectively, and the proportion of the air exhaust at the rail bottom (UPE) is 3%, 42% and 55%, respectively. The proportion of UPE from the station is more than 50%, which will cause a waste of cooling capacity in the station, and even lead to the situation that the temperature of UPE is lower than the air temperature in the tunnel. From the perspective of heat exhaust effect, the heat emission of the condenser at the train top is discharged by 22% and 1% respectively by OTE and UPE, the heat emission of the resistance box and the brake shoe at the bottom of the train is discharged by 5% and 29% respectively by OTE and UPE, and the heat removal effect of the heat exhaust system is poor. According to the simulation results, theoretical heat dissipation, measured temperature and other parameters, the average exhaust air temperatures of OTE and UPE are calculated and compared with the measured data, and it is found that the calculated values are basically consistent with the measured values, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation calculation.
Keywords:undergroundrailwaystation;heatexhaustsystem;exhaustaircomponent;heatexhausteffect;airexhaustatrailtop;airexhaustatrailbottom;condenser